Attention neglect

Attention neglect is the simplest form of neglect, and the one that I believe Open Philanthropy focuses on the most as well.

If nobody is giving certain work or a certain job that is both important and tractable, then that qualifies as attention neglect. Working on such a problem would rank high on an optimization scale.

Work that fits this description would be in supply to some degree, and yet be in low demand. So sometimes markets are able to correct for this attention neglect, but not all work of this kind has a good market environment.